Métodos de educação em saúde no manejo de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Karoline Santos da Silva, Sinara Mendes Campelo, William Rafael Almeida Moraes, Laura Maria Tomazi Neves
Resumo
Introdução: A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é progressiva e não totalmente reversível. O tratamento é através de fármacos e reabilitação pulmonar. Além disso, é necessário um programa de educação em saúde, o qual possibilita um conhecimento sobre a doença e ensine habilidades de autocuidado. Objetivo: Avaliar na literatura os métodos de educação em saúde utilizados na reabilitação de pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com objetivo de reunir registros sobre o assunto em diretrizes, declarações oficiais e artigos científicos nas bases de registro de informações PubMed, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scielo, com restrição de ano de publicação, de 2007 até 2021, selecionando artigos em idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: Foram incluídos 7 ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados, 1 ensaio clínico, 2 estudos com design quase experimental, 2 revisões sistemáticas, 1 estudo piloto e 1 estudo de viabilidade não randomizado, os quais detalham o processo do programa de educação em saúde direcionados para pacientes com DPOC. Os estudos apresentaram diferentes métodos educativos incluídos no tratamento da doença, envolvendo grupos e também direcionamento individual. Conclusão: Observou-se que as palestras e recursos audiovisuais foram os métodos educacionais mais utilizados. A educação em saúde melhorou a qualidade de vida, favoreceu a cessação do tabagismo e diminuiu a frequência de hospitalizações/exacerbações.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
25/01/2023
Aceito em:
15/05/2023
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