Prescrição e progressão de exercícios na unidade de terapia intensiva: uma revisão integrativa
Eduarda Borges Mendonça, Amanda da Silva, Aline Almeida Gulart
Resumo
Introdução: A mobilização precoce objetiva reduzir os impactos do imobilismo, sendo amplamente recomendada para pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). Apesar de já existirem diversos protocolos disponíveis na literatura, a prescrição adequada e individualizada de exercícios físicos para pacientes críticos ainda é um desafio. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão foi sintetizar as formas e ferramentas utilizadas para a prescrição de exercícios em pacientes internados na UTI, descrevendo os itens recomendados pela American College of Sports Medicine. Métodos: A busca foi conduzida nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE-OVID), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO) e Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Além disso, foi conduzida uma busca manual. Resultados: Um total de 2.499 estudos foram encontrados e, após as etapas de seleção, 18 foram incluídos. Todos os estudos descreveram a forma de progressão de exercício e a maioria descreveu a frequência (89%) e o tipo de exercício realizado (78%). Porém, somente 22% descreveram a duração por sessão, 17% a intensidade e nenhum estudo relatou o volume de exercício. As variáveis ou instrumentos utilizados para prescrição/ progressão dos exercícios foram: nível de consciência, estabilidade clínica e tolerância do paciente, força muscular periférica, estado funcional e porcentagem de ciclo ergometria ativa. Conclusão: Considerando que uma adequada prescrição de exercícios pode aumentar a eficácia do tratamento, são necessários estudos que demonstrem formas mais objetivas e individualizadas de prescrição e progressão dos exercícios para mobilização precoce
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Submetido em:
20/03/2021
Aceito em:
08/09/2021
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